|
Secondary causes of low HDL-C |
||
| 1. |
Elevated triglycerides. |
(Component of metS) |
| End stage renal disease |
||
| Hypothyroidism [also increased total Chol/HDL-C ratio. |
||
| 2. |
Obesity and Overweight. – [waist measurement] – |
(Component of metS) |
| [Visceral obesity in particular] |
||
| For every 3 kg. (7 lbs.) weight loss HDL-C increased 1 mg/dL. |
||
| 3. |
Prediabetes and overt Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. |
(Component of metS) |
| 4. |
Physical inactivity |
(lifestyle choice). |
| 5. |
Smoking |
(lifestyle choice). |
| 6. |
Very high carbohydrate intakes > 50–60% of energy |
(lifestyle choice). |
| [Especially Fructose Containing Soft Drinks.] |
||
| 7. |
Metabolic Syndrome: As potent a risk factor as smoking. |
|
| 8. |
Drugs, such as beta-blockers, anabolic steroids, and progestational agents. |
|
Hayden and Tyagi Cardiovascular Diabetology 2005 4:1 doi:10.1186/1475-2840-4-1 |
||