|
The 10-point process of Angiogenesis: |
| (See FIGURE 4) |
| 1. Endothelial cell activation and Proliferation. |
| 2. Local Vasodilatation. |
| 3. Increased vascular permeability. |
| 4. Accumulation of extravascular fibrin* PAI-1 |
| 5. Proteolytic degradation of basement membrane. MMP-9 MMP-2 |
| 6. Thin cytoplasmic processes are extended from the endothelial cell. |
| 7. Directed migration into surrounding ECM toward the Angiogenic Stimulus (IPH or Ischemia). |
| 8. E. Cells. elongate and align to form a capillary Sprout. |
| 9. E. Cell. Division proximal to the migrating tip. |
| 10. Reconstitution of the basement membrane. |
| • PAI-1 inhibits fibrinolysis. |
| • PAI-1 inhibits uPA and tPA and PLASMIN production: |
| • PAI-1 inhibits the conversion of latent MMPs to active MMPs |
| • THUS interfering with remodeling and arteriogenesis |
Hayden and Tyagi Cardiovascular Diabetology 2004 3:1 doi:10.1186/1475-2840-3-1 |