Table 4

Multiple diabetic-OPATHIES.

A-DINNER

A

ATHEROSCLEROPATHY. ANGIOGENESIS (induced). ARTERIOGENESIS (impaired).

D

DERMOPATHY: Diabetic Scleroderma – Stiff skin, vulcanization of collagen (cross-linking). Necrobiosis Lipoidica Diabeticorum. Brown sunken atrophic scars anterior shin of legs (impaired scar formation associated with increased levels of PAI-I and impaired injury remodeling).

I

INTIMOPATHY. INTIMAL REDOX STRESS. Macro vascular plus micro vascular vasa vasorum angiogenesis with intraplaque hemorrhage → Coronary Events.

N

NEPHROPATHY. Microvascular.

N

NEUROPATHY. Microvascular. Overriding sympathetic stimulation pro vasoconstrictive.

E

ENTEROPATHY. Delayed gastric emptying.

R

RETINOPATHY. Microvascular.

Observations from Table 4: Intimopathy and atheroscleropathy are very similar. Similar shared glucotoxicity in T1DM and T2DM. Dissimilar toxicities in that the toxicities of MS, IR, PD and the role of the aging process predate the development of overt T2DM. See reference [8,9]

Hayden and Tyagi Cardiovascular Diabetology 2002 1:3   doi:10.1186/1475-2840-1-3