Table 2

Atherosclerosis promoting effects of AGEs: Receptor Mediated Mechanisms

Promoting inflammation

Secretion of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1 [74].

Chemotactic stimulus for monocyte-macrophages [37,38]

Induction of cellular proliferation

Stimulation of PDGF [37] and IGF-I [40] secretion from monocytes and possibly SMC.

Endothelial dysfunction

Increased permeability of EC monolayers [34,35]

Increased procoagulant activity [35]

Increased expression of adhesion molecules [33]

Increased Intracellular oxidative stress [31,34]

IGF-I = Insulin-like growth factor I; IL-1 = Interleukin-1; PDGF = Platelet-derived growth factor; TNF-α = Tumor necrosis factor-α.

Aronson and Rayfield Cardiovascular Diabetology 2002 1:1   doi:10.1186/1475-2840-1-1