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Resolution: standard / high Figure 5.
Relationship between rates of oxidant generation, antioxidant activity, oxidative
stress, and oxidative damage in diabetes. [O2]* represents various forms of reactive oxygen species [ROS]. The overall rate of formation
of oxidative products leading to oxidative tissue damage is dependent on ambient levels
of both [O2]* and substrate. Increased generation of [O2]* depends on several sources including glucose autoxidation, increased mitochondrial
superoxide production, and as a result of the receptor for advanced glycosylation
end products activation. [O2]* deactivation is reduced because antioxidant defenses are compromised in diabetes.
Note that oxidative stress also promotes other hyperglycemia-induced mechanisms of
tissue damage. Oxidative stress activates protein kinase C (PKC) and accelerates the
formation of advanced glycosylation endproducts (AGEs).
Aronson and Rayfield Cardiovascular Diabetology 2002 1:1 doi:10.1186/1475-2840-1-1 |
